THE PHILOSOPHERS:

THE PHILOSOPHERS

1. Socrates (c. 470-399 BCE) - Ancient Greece
2. Plato (c. 427-347 BCE) - Ancient Greece
3. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) - Ancient Greece
4. Confucius (551-479 BCE) - Ancient China
5. St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) - Roman Africa
6. René Descartes (1596-1650) - France
7. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) - Prussia
8. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) - Germany
9. John Locke (1632-1704) - England
10. Karl Marx (1818-1883) - Germany
11. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) - Italy
12. Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) - Denmark
13. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) - France
14. Laozi (6th century BCE) - Ancient China
15. Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) - France
16. Francis Bacon (1561-1626 - England
17. Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895 – 1986) - India
18. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 – 1860) - Germany
19. Michel Foucault (1984-1984) - France
20. Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) - El Biar, French
21. John Rawls (1921-2002) - Maryland, USA
22. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) - Wiltshire, England
23. Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) - Vienna, Austria
24. Edward W. Said (1935-20030, Jerusalem
25. Buddha (c.5-6 BCE) - Lumbini, Shakya Republic ( Nepal)
26. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) - Stuttgart, Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire
27. Bertrand Russel (1872-1970) - Trellech, Monmouthshire, UK
28. Zarathustra (1500 - 1000 BCE) - Iran
29. Albert Camus (1913-1960) - Mondovi, French Algeri
30. Jesus Christ (b. 4 B.C. and 6 B.C) - Bethlehem
31. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778,) - Geneva
32. Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972) - Ghana
33. Leopold Sédar Senghor (1906-2001)- Senegal
34. Ayi Kwei Armah (born 1938) - Ghana
35. Marcus Aurelius (121 AD -180 AD) - Rome, Italy

BATTERIES

9 V

Voltage:                                  7.2 - 9.6 V

Capacity (Carbon-Zinc) ≈       400 mAh        (3.6 Wh)

Capacity (Alkaline) ≈              550 mAh        (4.95 Wh)

Capacity (Lithium Primary) ≈ 1200 mAh       (10.8 Wh)

Capacity  (NiMH-9.6V) ≈       175 - 300mAh (1.68 - 2.88 Wh)

Capacity  (NiCd-8.4V) ≈        120 mAh          (1.008 Wh)

Operating Temperature:           0°C - 60°C

Length:     17.5 mm

Height:     48.5 mm

Width:      26.5 mm

Chemistry:    Alkaline, Lithium, Carbon-Zinc, NiCd, NiMH, Lithium-Ion

TURMERIC MILK

• Milk - 2 cup
• Turmeric - 1/4 tsp
• Pepper - 1/4 tsp
• Ginger - 1/2" grated
• Cinnamon - 1/2"
• Stir and boil
• Coconut Oil - 1/4 tsp
  
• Mix well

Russian Alphabet

А, а - "a" 
Б, б - "b" 
В, в - "v" 
Г, г - "g" 
Д, д - "d" 
Е, е - "ye" or "e" 
Ё, ё - "yo" 
Ж, ж - "zh" 
З, з - "z" 
И, и - "i" 
Й, й - "y" or "i" (hard sign) 
К, к - "k" 
Л, л - "l" 
М, м - "m" 
Н, н - "n" 
О, о - "o" 
П, п - "p" 
Р, р - "r" 
С, с - "s" 
Т, т - "t" 
У, у - "u" 
Ф, ф - "f" 
Х, х - "kh" or "h" 
Ц, ц - "ts" 
Ч, ч - "ch" 
Ш, ш - "sh" 
Щ, щ - "shch" 
Ъ, ъ - "hard sign" 
Ы, ы - "y" 
Ь, ь - "soft sign" 
Э, э - "e" 
Ю, ю - "yu" 
Я, я - "ya"

Here is the Russian alphabet ordered by vowels, semi-vowels and consonants:

Vowels:   
А, Е, Ё, И, О, У, Ы, Э, Ю, Я

Semi-vowels: 
Й, Ъ

Consonants: 
Б, В, Г, Д, Ж, З, К, Л, М, Н, П, Р, С, Т, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ

The three groups of letters in the Russian alphabet are: vowels, semi-vowels and consonants.

The first group, the vowels, contains the letters А, Е, Ё, И, О, У, Ы, Э, Ю, Я. These letters are considered the most important for building words and sentences in Russian, and are placed first in the alphabet.

The second group, semi-vowels, contains letters that are considered less important than vowels, but are considered to be important for the word's structure and the pronunciation. It consists of the letters Й and Ъ.

The third group, the consonants, contains all remaining letters, which are considered less important than the vowels and semi-vowels in the formation of words and sentences. This group contains the letters Б, В, Г, Д, Ж, З, К, Л, М, Н, П, Р, С, Т, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ.

It is worth noting that this grouping is not a standard or an official grouping in the Russian alphabet, it's just a way to understand the alphabet better. The division may not be used in all the cases, depending on the context and the analysis method used.

Complete Organic Fertilizer

Complete Organic Fertilizer

To make enough COF to generously cover 100 square feet, mix:

• 3 quarts oilseed meal such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal or canolaseed meal 
  or else:
• 1 1⁄2 quarts feathermeal or fishmeal (smelly) or, the very best combination is probably:
• 2 quarts oilseedmeal, 1 pint feathermeal and 1 pint fishmeal plus
• 1 quart soft or colloidal rock phosphate (the best choice by far), or bonemeal
• 1 quart kelp meal and/or 1 pint Azomite (for trace minerals)

And/or apply liquid kelp every 2 weeks as a foliar throughout the season. Lime:
choose one of these two options:

If you garden where the land originally grew a forest, add these two:

• 1 pint (0.473176473 l) agricultural limestone, 100# (fine grind) and
• 1 pint agricultural gypsum; or else:

If you garden where the land originally grew prairie grass or is a desert add:

• 1 quart (0.946352946 l) agricultural gypsum.

If you do not live in Cascadia, add 1/3 cup potassium sulfate.

You may consider the following last four items optional:

• 1 teaspoon laundry borax or a smaller quantity of Solubor (1⁄2 gm actual boron)
• 1 1⁄2 teaspoons zinc sulfate
• 2 teaspoons manganese sulfate
• 1 teaspoon copper sulfate.

1 quart = 0.946352946 l
1 pint = 0.473176473 l
1 feet = 0.3048 m

SOURCE: The Intelligent Gardener: Growing Nutrient Dense Food by Steve Solomon & Erica Reinheimer

Camp Sun Clock

Camp Sun Clock

Select a patch of bare earth near the camp. It must be level and open to the sun all day. Stick a peg in the centre of this patch and, with a length of cord as a loop around the peg, scratch a circle on the ground.

This must be at least 1.5 metres across. From the peg, which is now the centre of the circle, carefully draw a line true north. This must be accurately true north and not magnetic north. Extend this line to cut the southern side of the circle, and then draw in accurate east-west lines crossing at the circle's centre.

Divide the circumference of the circle into 24 equal divisions. Each of these divisions will be 15".

Now have a look at your map and find out what degree of latitude you are in. Measure this degree on the outside circle working from where it is cutting the east-west line. Put a peg on each side of the circle's edge to mark the latitude degrees.

Be careful to note whether your latitude is north or south of the equator. Stretch the cord over the two pegs and mark where it crosses the north-south line. Now put a peg on the north-south line where the cord crosses it.

Next put two other pegs at either end of the east-west line so that the 'degree' pegs on the circle are at right angles. Tie a cord to each of these pegs and have the cord pass round the peg on the north-south line. Lift the cord over the centre peg and with the point of a knife scratch an ellipse on the ground so that it touches the circle where the east-west line crosses and also touches the point on the north-south line where the peg is.

Connect up the 15 degree marks on the circle by means of the cord.

Where the cord crosses the ellipse put a very small peg very firmly into the ground.

There will be 13 of these pegs and they will follow the curve of the ellipse. These are the hour pegs, starting from 6 a.m. on the left, where the west line cuts the circle, 12 noon on the north-south line and 6 p.m. on the right where the east line cuts the circle.

true north

 

 

 

You then determine where to place the shadow stick. This depends on the sun's position north or south of the equator.

Draw another circle inside the big circle using the same centre. The radius of this circle must be equal to 23% degrees of the big one. Cut this inner circle into 12 equal divisions and mark June at the north side and follow on with July, August and so on clockwise. Then divide June into four equal divisions and do the same with December at the south end. Offset all divisions one fourth in a clockwise direction.

The north-south line will now pass through the third division of June and December. Put pegs in for each of the 12 month's divisions.

T o find the sun's position at any time of the year draw a line from the month, and approximate day thereof, to the

 

 north-south line. This must parallel the east-west line.

Where this line cuts the north-south line is where you place your shadow stick.

To get absolutely reliable time from the sun, two corrections for longitude and for the 'equation of time' are required (see page 302).

Equation of time - and corrections to standard time (page 302)

Each day every longtitude of the earth passes under the sun, but because of the slight variation in the earth's path, the exact moment when the sun passes over the meridian of longitude is not precisely at twelve o'clock every day. The difference may be as much as 16 minutes of time before twelve o'clock on your clock time and fourteen minutes after twelve o'clock.

This passage of the sun over the imaginary north-south line is called 'meridian transit' and as you will see it differs from clock time throughout the course of the year, except for four days (16 April, 15June, 30 August, 25 December).

For convenience, the time of meridian transit is averaged out over the year, and the average is called 'mean' time. The sun's passage of the meridian time is called 'solar' (sun) time. The correction of time of the two is called 'equation of time.'

The following simple table on meridian transit can be shown in the form of the figure '8' for your easy memorising.

 

 A figure eight drawn to the proportions shown and with the four dates remembered when meridian transit coincides with mean time will give reasonably accurate corrections.

Note: The four dates when there is no correction are 16 April, 15June, 30 August and 25 December.

The top section of the figure 8 is about one-third the size of the lower half. T h e horizontal line is divided into three five-minute sections to right and left, and the right side marked plus to mean that the sun is ahead of mean time. The left is marked minus, the sun is behind mean time. 

The application of this 'equation of time' correction will be required if you want to get accurate time from the sun, and also for correction to the compass-sun clock.

 

The 'shadow' reading with these corrections will be right to two minutes if your north-south line has been accurate.

If west of the meridian of standard time add four minutes to sun clock time for each degree. If east of the meridian deduct four minutes for each degree.

Draw a figure 8 near the sun clock on the ground with the top half of the '8' just less than one third of the size of the bottom half. Draw a line across the middle of the bottom half of the '8' and cut it into three equal divisions on each side of a centre line.

Each of these divisions represents five minutes of time.

Now mark off the figure '8' into approximate divisions (see illustration). Put pegs in the ground to mark these divisions and also the five-minute divisions on the cross line.

Put a minus sign on the right hand corner and a plus sign on the left.

Minus means that the sun time is behind clock time.

Therefore you must add. Plus means that the sun time is ahead of clock time.

SOURCE: Australian Bushcraft - Richard Graves  1984